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The discussed invention is centered on the evaporative cooling of a vehicle cabin, introducing a novel concept of humidity control. Unlike conventional Air Conditioning (AC) systems that operate on the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (VCRC), which tend to be costly and contribute to higher fuel consumption due to the engine-driven compressor in automobiles, there is currently no other Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) fitted cabin cooling option available to address this issue. This paper introduces the idea of a humidity-controlled evaporative cooler. The objective of humidity control is achieved through a controller unit that receives feedback from a humidity sensor, subsequently regulating the operation of the water pump. The ambient air is passed through a humidified honeycomb pad, cooling through the principle of evaporation. To prevent any leftover water droplets from entering the cabin, a polyester nonwoven filter has been integrated into the system.

FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location.

With the advent of this new era of electric-driven automobiles, the simulation and virtual digital twin modeling world is now embarking on new sets of challenges. Getting key insights into electric motor behavior has a significant impact on the net output and range of electric vehicles. In this paper, a complete 3D CFD model of an Electric Motor is developed to understand its churning losses at different operating speeds. The simulation study details how the flow field develops inside this electric motor at different operating speeds and oil temperatures. The contributions of the crown and weld endrings, crown and weld end-windings, and airgap to the net churning loss are also analyzed. The oil distribution patterns on the end-windings show the effect of the centrifugal effect in scrapping oil from the inner structures at higher speeds. Also, the effect of the sump height with higher operating speeds are also analyzed.

The steam reforming of CH4 plays a crucial role in the high-temperature activity of natural gas three-way catalysts. Despite existing reports on sulfur inhibition in CH4 steam reforming, there is a limited understanding of sulfur storage and removal dynamics under various lambda conditions. In this study, we utilize a 4-Mode sulfur testing approach to elucidate the dynamics of sulfur storage and removal and their impact on three-way catalyst performance. We also investigate the influence of sulfur on CH4 steam reforming by analyzing CH4 conversions under dithering, rich, and lean reactor conditions. In the 4-Mode sulfur test, saturating the TWC with sulfur at low temperatures emerges as the primary cause of significant three-way catalyst performance degradation. After undergoing a deSOx treatment at 600 °C, NOx conversions were fully restored, while CH4 conversions did not fully recover.

This specification covers a blend of tungsten carbide-cobalt aggregate, a nickel alloy, and a nickel aluminum aggregate in the form of powder.

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings.

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, shapes, and tubing 5.000 inches (127.00 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least thickness (wall thickness of tubing) (see 8.5).

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and borates of glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

This SAE Recommended Practice provides an orderly series for designating the thickness of unocated and coated hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet and strip. This document also provides methods for specifying thickness tolerances.

This SAE Information Report is intended to provide a guide to mechanical and machinability characteristics of some SAE steel grades. The ratings and properties shown are provided as general information and not as requirements for specifications unless each instance is approved by the source of supply. The data are based on resources which may no longer be totally accurate. However, this report is retained as a service in lieu of current data.

This specification provides requirements for the identification and packaging of sheet, strip, extrusions, and molded parts made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, reclaimed rubber, and combinations of the above with other materials such as asbestos, cork, and fabrics. AMS2817 covers preferred requirements for identification and packaging of preformed packings.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) identifies the best practices to reduce damage and promote safety during the storage, handling, and shipping of W/T assemblies.

The limitations of commonly used materials such as steel in withstanding high temperatures led to exploring alternative alloys. For instance, Inconel 825 is a nickel-based alloy known for its exceptional corrosion resistance. Thus, the Inconel 825 is used in various applications, including aerospace, marine propulsion, and missiles. Though it has many advantages, machining this alloy at high temperatures could be challenging due to its inadequate heat conductivity, increased strain hardening propensity, and extreme dynamic shear strength. The resultant hardened chips generated during high-speed machining exhibit elevated temperatures, leading to tool wear and surface damage, extending into the subsurface. This work investigated the influence of varying process settings on the machinability of Inconel 825 metal, using both uncoated and coated tools.

Using dc magnetron sputtering, Al/Si films were made on surfaces made of fused quartz and silicon. It was carefully controlled that the films contained no more than 7 at.% silicon under ideal deposition conditions. This was done by changing the target's structure and adding silicon lines to it. This had to be done to get a good reading on how much silicon was in the plates. After being heated to 800°C and then cooled in very cold water, the thermo-elastic face-centered cubic structure changed into the flat crush test martensite. In Al/Si films with a Si content of 25.6%, this change took place. It looks like the shift in the opposite way was also thermoelastic. The several thermoelastic transitions that happened were caused by changes in temperature. Some Al-36 at.% Si coatings that were scraped off of a quartz substrate showed shape memory qualities when heated after being deformed. The coverings on these things were warped.